Episode Video
Show Notes
The Covenants and Promises of God
Scriptures Referenced
Genesis 2, 3
Genesis 6, 9
Genesis 12, 15
Deuteronomy 30
2 Samuel 7
Jeremiah 31
Hebrews 8
Galatians 4:4-7
2 Corinthians 1:19,20
Episode 192 - The Fall - Part 2
Episode Video
Show Notes
Works and Authors Referenced
John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1689.
Jean Jacque Rousseau, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rousseau
Steve Tuner, “Creed” found in Up to Date: Poems 1968-1982, 1993
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
Miroslav Volf, Free of Charge, quoted in Paul Copan, Is God a Moral Monster, 192.
GK Chesterton, Orthodoxy, Chapter IV “The Ethics of Elfland”
Scriptures Referenced
Matthew 11:18,19
Luke 18:9-14
Romans Chapters 3-6
Episode 191 - The Fall - Part 1
Episode Video
Show Notes
Books Referenced
GK Chesterton, Orthodoxy (1908), Chapter 2 (“The Maniac”): “Certain new theologians dispute original sin, which is the only part of Christian theology which can really be proved.”
Reinhold Niebuhr Man’s Nature and His Communities (1965) “The doctrine of original sin is the only empirically verifiable doctrine of the Christian faith”
Links Referenced
Roman Catholic Catechism - "All men are implicated in Adam’s sin, as St. Paul affirms, since sin came into the world through one man and death through sin, so death spread to all men because all men sinned" https://www.vatican.va/content/catechism/en/part_one/section_two/chapter_one/article_1/paragraph_7_the_fall.html
Heidelberg Catechism (1563) — Lord’s Day 2–3, Q&A 5–8. Q7: "the depravity of human nature proceeds from the fall and disobedience of our first parents, Adam and Eve, in Paradise; our nature is become so corrupt that we are all conceived and born in sin." https://heritagereformedgr.org/our-beliefs/heidelberg-catechism/lords-day-3/
The Westminster Confession, 1647, Our first parents, being seduced by the subtlety and temptation of Satan, sinned in eating the forbidden fruit… By this sin they fell from their original righteousness and communion with God, and so became dead in sin, and wholly defiled in all the faculties and parts of soul and body...the guilt of this sin was imputed, and the same death in sin and corrupted nature conveyed to all their posterity descending from them by ordinary generation....sin is a transgression of the righteous law of God, bringing guilt, God’s wrath, the curse of the law, and death, with all miseries spiritual, temporal, and eternal. https://www.apuritansmind.com/westminster-standards/chapter-6/
1689 London Baptist Confession — Chapter 6 Is almost identical to the Westminster Confession.
The New City Catechism Q16 (“What is sin?”): "Sin is rejecting or ignoring God in the world he created, rebelling against him by living without reference to him, not being or doing what he requires in his law — resulting in our death and the disintegration of all creation." https://newcitycatechism.com/new-city-catechism/#16
Augustines Hierarchy of Being - Turning our desires and worship to lesser things - A concise summary of Augustine's thought can be found here - Robert Park's lecture on Augustine and Plotinus (October 1, 1998) https://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme06.htm
Scriptures Referenced
Genesis Chapter 3
Jeremiah 2:12,13
Romans Chapters 3-6
Episode 190 - The Creation of Humanity
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scripture Referenced
Scripture Referenced
Genesis 1:26-28
Genesis 3:15
Psalm 8
2 Corinthians 4:5
Colossians 1:13
Quotations
Ontological or Structural Views of Image of God
Augustine (354-430) located the image in the rational soul, finding a trinitarian structure in memory, understanding, and will (De Trinitate, Books IX–XIV).
“The mind is the image of God, in that it is capable of Him and can be partaker of Him.” —
De Trinitate 14.8.11 (NPNF trans.)
Anselm (1033-1109) follows a similar line of thinking, treating the image as the capacity to remember, understand, and love God:
“I acknowledge, Lord, and give thanks that you have created in me this your image, so that I may remember you, think of you, love you. But this image is so worn away by vices, so smudged by the smoke of sins, that it cannot do what it was created to do unless you renew and refashion it.” — Proslogion, ch. 1
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) grounds the image in intellect and freedom:
“Man is said to be made to God’s image, in so far as the image implies an intelligent being endowed with free-will and self-movement.” — Summa Theologiae I-II, prologue
“Intellectual creatures alone, properly speaking, are made to God’s image.” — ST I, q. 93, a. 2
Aquinas also distinguishes a threefold image: by nature (all men), by grace (in those justified), by glorification (in the blessed) — ST I, q. 93, a. 4
Functional View of the Image of God
Functional - The image of God means to have dominion, that human beings were made to rule and reign as representatives or vice regents of God on the earth.
Anthony Hoekema brings together the structural and functional views: The image of God in man must therefore be seen as involving both the structure of man and the functioning of man— Hoekema, Created in God’s Image, 1986
Relationally as central to understanding Image of God
Karth Barth (1886-1968) is the key theologian here - he saw "male and female he created them" to indicate relationality as key to understanding the image of God.
Summary God created us with certain capacities (intellect, understanding, emotions, will), to do what he created human beings to do (rule and reign and represent God on the earth) in covenantal relationship with God and other people.
Other Quotations Cited
“The image of God carries with it the right not to be mistreated or harmed.... Regardless of their record or character, all human beings have an irreducible glory and significance to them, because God loves them.... So we must treasure each and every human being as a way of showing due respect for the majesty of their owner and Creator.” — Timothy Keller, Generous Justice
“We are not to consider what men merit of themselves but to look upon the image of God in all men, to which we owe all honor and love.” — Institutes IV.1.7
Episode 189 - The Creation of the Cosmos
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scriptures Referenced
Genesis 1:1-5; Hebrews 11:1-3; Colossians 2:8; 2 Corinthians 4:5-6; 2 Timothy 2:24-26; Colossians 1:13-14
Confessions Cited
The Apostles Creed The Nicene Creed The Catechism of the Roman Catholic Church The Westminster Catechism The London Baptist Confession The New City Catechism
Philosophy and Forming Actual Infinites
St. Bonaventure's Arguments https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bonaventure/
Hilbert's Hotel Paradox - https://www.britannica.com/video/paradox-David-Hilbert-hotel/-205800
Scientific References
Red Shift and Big Bang Cosmology
https://youtu.be/3W2GMSQOZq8?si=C-kUm_KarPJlGFZ3
Books Referenced
William Lane Craig, Reasonable Faith Christian Truth and Apologetics, 84.
Robert Jastrow, God and the Astronomers, 1978.
Episode 188 - Engagement in the Borderlands
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scripture Referenced
2 Timothy 2:24-26
2 Corinthians 10:4-5
Matthew 5:43-47
2 Corinthians 4:1-7
Link Referenced
Thoughtful and Respectful Engagement As we seek to impact people in the borderlands between the church and culture, we desire to think deeply about life, faith, and the ideas of the world, while engaging them with kindness and civility. (1 Peter 3:15, Colossians 4:2-6)
Guiding Philosophies of The Gospel Underground https://www.gospelunderground.org/mission-and-vision
Episode 187 - Fight Together
Episode Video
Show Notes
Reid welcomes on wrestlers Aaron Seidel, Jude Robson, and Collin Gaj who are involved in the Strength and Courage wrestling ministry of the Gospel Underground in Southwest Virginia.
Scripture Referenced
Stronger Together - Romans 15:6 that together you may with one voice glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Prepared Together - 1 Peter 1:13 Therefore, preparing your minds for action, and being sober-minded, set your hope fully on the grace that will be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ.
Fight Together - 1 Timothy 6:12 Fight the good fight of the faith. Take hold of the eternal life to which you were called and about which you made the good confession in the presence of many witnesses.
Episode 186 - Strengthen One Another
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scripture Referenced
Matthew 7:12; Acts; Hebrews 3:12-14; 2 Corinthians 1:3–4; Romans 12:1; Joshua 1:8,9; Isaiah 41:10, 2 Corinthians 12:9, 10; Hebrews 13:7–9; 2 Timothy 2:1–2
Links and Lyrics Referenced
The Home Team - A Guide to Family Worship
We are Not as Strong as we think we are by Rich Mullins
John Piper, Be Strengthened by Grace, Accessed March 5, 2026.
A Mighty Fortress is our God by Martin Luther
Books Referenced
Timothy Keller, Preaching: Communicating Faith in an Age of Skepticism, 163
Episode 185 - Comfort the Afflicted
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scripture Referenced
2 Corinthians 1:3-7; Galatians 6:2; 2 Peter 1:3-9; Psalm 103:1-8; 2 Corinthians 4:16-18; Philippians 2:14-15; Psalm 55:22; 1 Peter 5:6, 7; 2 Thessalonians 2:16, 17
Sources Referenced
Stanford Research on Complaining and the Brain https://x.com/shiningscience/status/2013113758386987099?s=61&t=tlwkbxDptbUski5ck2qYEA
Sophie L. Kjærvik and Brad J. Bushman, “A Meta-Analytic Review of Anger Management Activities That Increase or Decrease Arousal: What Fuels or Douses Rage?” Clinical Psychology Review 109 (2024): 102414.
Lauren C. Michl et al., “Rumination as a Mechanism Linking Stressful Life Events to Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Longitudinal Evidence in Early Adolescents and Adults,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology, volume 122, no. 2 (2013), pages 339–352.
Catherine B. Stroud et al., “Rumination, Excessive Reassurance Seeking, and Stress Generation among Early Adolescent Girls,” The Journal of Early Adolescence, vol. 38, no. 2 (2018), pages 139–163
Yvette I. Sheline et al., “The Default Mode Network and Self-Referential Processes in Depression,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 6 (2009): 1942-1947
Matthew D. Lieberman et al., “Putting Feelings into Words: Affect Labeling Disrupts Amygdala Activity in Response to Affective Stimuli,” Psychological Science 18, no. 5 (2007): 421–22.
Episode 184 - 2025 Big Reviewish
Episode Video
Show Notes
Movies
F1: The Movie on Apple TV
Train Dreams on Netflix
Shows
All Creatures Great and Small - Masterpiece Theater, stream on PBS Passport
The Bear on FX
Podcasts
The Daily Liturgy Podcast from Coram Deo Church, Omaha, NE
The Surpising Rebirth of Belief in God with Justin Brierly
Hardcore History with Dan Carlin
Books
Project Hail Mary by Andy Weir
Why We're Feeling Lonely by Shelby Abbott
2084 Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humanity by John Lennox
The Thinking Machine - Jensen Wong, Nvida and the World's Most Coveted Microchip by Stephen Witt
The Gale's of November: The Untold Story of the Edmund Fitzgerald by John U. Bacon
Episode 183 - Celebration
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scriptures Referenced
Matthew 7:12
Hebrews 6:10
Links Referenced
Bob Thune on the Golden Rule Instagram Reel
You'd Cry too if it Happened to You by Peggy Noonan "What you applaud, you encourage. And: Watch out what you celebrate."
Episode 182 - Repentance
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scripture Referenced
2 Cor 7:10
Proverbs 28:13
Matthew 3:2
Luke 13:3
1 John 1:9
Ephesians 4:31, 32
Books Referenced
Martin Luther, The Ninety-Five Theses (1517), Thesis 1
GK Chesterton, Orthodoxy. Recommend the new annotated version by Trevin Wax.
Louis Berkoff, Systematic Theology
Episode 181 - Perseverance and Longsuffering
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scripture Referenced
1 Corinthians 15:58
Galatians 6:7-10
James 5:10-11
Romans 5:3-4
1 Peter 2:20-21
2 Corinthians 1:6-7
Hebrews 10:36
James 1:2-4
Jeremiah 29:4-7
Books Referenced
The Dangerous Journey: The Story of Pilgrim's Progress https://www.amazon.com/Dangerous-Journey-Story-Pilgrims-Progress/dp/0802836194/
The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan https://www.amazon.com/Pilgrims-Progress-Modern-Day-easy-read-ebook/dp/B088DFC84N/
The Pilgrim's Progress - Original Unabridged, Audiobook read by Robert Whitfield. https://www.audible.com/pd/The-Pilgrims-Progress-Audiobook/B002UZN2Y4 (Reid's Recommendation)
Link Referenced
Video - Sunflowers in Babylon by Joshua Luke Smith https://youtu.be/fsiB9uCMZ68
Episode 180 - Patience and Grace
Episode Video
Show Notes
SANCTIFICATION = GRACE + TRUTH + TIME
Seasoned with spiritual practices, transformed by the power of God, through repentance and faith.
Links Referenced
Episode 10 - A Christmas Tradition - Christmas Letter Episode and example.
Books Referenced
Elyse Fitzpatrick and Jessica Thomas, Give Them Grace: Leading Your Kids to Joy and Freedom Through Gospel-Centered Parenting
James Clear, Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress
Scriptures Referenced
Hebrews 13:5 [5] Keep your lives free from the love of money and be content with what you have, for God has said, Never will I leave you, Never will I forsake you.
Romans 8:28-30 [28] And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose. [29] For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. [30] And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified.
2 Corinthians 3:18 [18] And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from one degree of glory to another. For this comes from the Lord who is the Spirit.
Philippians 1:6 [6] And I am sure of this, that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ.
2 Corinthians 4:16-18 [16] So we do not lose heart. Though our outer self is wasting away, our inner self is being renewed day by day. [17] For this light momentary affliction is preparing for us an eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison, [18] as we look not to the things that are seen but to the things that are unseen. For the things that are seen are transient, but the things that are unseen are eternal.
Psalm 1:1-4 [1] Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked, nor stands in the way of sinners, nor sits in the seat of scoffers; [2] but his delight is in the law of the LORD, and on his law he meditates day and night. [3] He is like a tree planted by streams of water that yields its fruit in its season, and its leaf does not wither. In all that he does, he prospers. [4] The wicked are not so, but are like chaff that the wind drives away.
Episode 179 - Accountable
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scriptures Referenced
Matthew 7:12
1 Timothy 4:15-16
1 John 1:8-10
1 Corinthians 15:10
Books Referenced
Dallas Willard, The Great Omission: Reclaiming Jesus’s Essential Teachings on Discipleship, HarperOne. 2006
CS Lewis, The Weight of Glory and Other Addresses.
Links Referenced
Paul Tripp, 4 Carnival Mirrors of Ministry, https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/4-carnival-mirrors-of-ministry/
Episode 178 - Complementarity
Episode Video
Show Notes
Reid welcomes Dr. Gregg R. Allison to the podcast to discuss his new book Complementarity. Dr. Allison presents a biblical, historical, and theological case for the equality and differentiation of men and women made in the image of God.
Books Referenced
Gregg R. Allison, Complementarity https://bhacademic.bhpublishinggroup.com/product/complementarity-3/#flipbook-sampler/
Abigail Favele, The Genesis of Gender https://ignatius.com/the-genesis-of-gender-ggp/
GK Chesterton, Orthodoxy https://www.ccel.org/ccel/chesterton/orthodoxy.ix.html
Episode 177 - More Thoughts on AI
Episode Video
Show Notes
Scripture Referenced
Genesis 1
Matthew 22:34-40
1 Timothy 5:8
Ephesians 4
Books Referenced
The Thinking Machine: Jensen Huang, Nvidia, and the World's Most Coveted Microchip by Stephen Witt
https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Machine-Jensen-Coveted-Microchip/dp/0593832698
The Optimist: Sam Altman, OpenAI, and the Race to Invent the Future by Keach Hageyhttps://www.amazon.com/Optimist-Altman-OpenAI-Invent-Future/dp/1324075961/
Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in Sam Altman's OpenAI by Karen Hao https://www.amazon.com/Empire-AI-Dreams-Nightmares-Altmans/dp/0593657500
Links Referenced and Recommended
Episode 4 - Technology and a Human Future https://www.gospelunderground.org/podcast/2017/9/29/episode-4-technology-and-our-human-future
Episode 165 - Just about a year ago - My Guy, AI https://www.gospelunderground.org/podcast/2024/8/29/episode-165-my-guy-ai
Episode 33 – Underground Saints - Craig Malcolm https://www.gospelunderground.org/podcast/2018/11/1/episode-33-underground-saints
Reasonable Faith Podcast AI and the Argument from Contingency
Alex O'Connor 24 min video - I made ChatGPT believe in God (seriously) https://youtu.be/HdH8rNnvKT0?si=utyxZByjQe36WIt_
AI and Energy Usage - The Climate Footprint of Big Tech - MIT Technology Review https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/05/20/1116327/ai-energy-usage-climate-footprint-big-tech/
Nuclear Power Plants and AI https://apnews.com/article/meta-facebook-constellation-energy-nuclear-ai-a2d5f60ee0ca9f44c183c58d1c05337c
Sam Altman and Cold Fusion - https://fortune.com/2025/05/07/nuclear-fusion-energy-ai-sam-altman-helion-pacific-commonwealth-timelines/
Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.08872v1
Knowing Facts? https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/anthropic-co-founder-benjamin-mann
Relying on AI in Colonoscopies May Erode Clinicians' Skills - Study this week on Colonoscopy https://www.medpagetoday.com/gastroenterology/coloncancer/116968
Episode 176 - I Want the Truth
Episode Video
Show Notes
Reviewish
Apple in China by Patrick McGhee https://www.amazon.com/Apple-China-Capture-Greatest-Company/dp/1668053373
The Nvidia Way by Tae Kim https://www.amazon.com/Nvidia-Way-Jensen-Huang-Making/dp/B0DNRPF51L
F1 - The Movie - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16311594/
Books Referenced
Aristotle - Metaphysics 1011b25, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence/
Harry Frankfurt - On Bullshit - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Bullshit
Neal Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death
Scripture Referenced
Exodus 20:16 - The 9th Commandment - You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor
Proverbs 12:22 - The Lord detests lying lips, but he delights in men who are truthful
2 Corinthians 4:1,2 - Therefore, having this ministry by the mercy of God, we do not lose heart. But we have renounced disgraceful, underhanded ways. We refuse to practice cunning or to tamper with God’s word, but by the open statement of the truth we would commend ourselves to everyone’s conscience in the sight of God.
Ephesians 4:25 - Therefore, having put away falsehood, let each one of you speak the truth with his neighbor, for we are members of one another.
John 8:32 - And you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free
John 14:6 - Jesus answered, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one come to the Father except through me
Episode 175 - Kill em with Kindness
Episode Video
Show Notes
Works Referenced
William Shakespeare - Taming of the Shrew, Act IV, Scene 1, the character Petruchio says:
“This is the way to kill a wife with kindness; And thus I’ll curb her mad and headstrong humour.”
Spurgeon, Charles Haddon. The Kindness of God Leading to Repentance. Commentary on Romans 2:4. In The New Park Street Pulpit, Vol. 6. London: Passmore & Alabaster, 1860.
The kindness of God leads us to repentance. It is not the thunder that softens, but the sun. It is not the law that melts, but the love.
Adam Grant on Kindness
One of the most reliable ways to improve our mental health is to help others. After being randomly assigned to do just 3 acts of kindness a week, people felt significantly less depressed, anxious, and lonely. Lifting others up elevates us too. Giving shows us that we matter.
https://x.com/adammgrant/status/1871601199910420591?s=61&t=I4ij8eKOHUgedR_RITMhXw
Scripture Referenced
Romans 12:19-21
[19] Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.” [20] To the contrary, “if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink; for by so doing you will heap burning coals on his head.” [21] Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.
Matthew 7:12 “So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets.
God is Kind
Romans 11:22
[22] Note then the kindness and the severity of God: severity toward those who have fallen, but God’s kindness to you, provided you continue in his kindness. Otherwise you too will be cut off.
Love demonstrated!
God is Kind to Us in the Gospel
Ephesians 2:7-10
[7] so that in the coming ages he might show the immeasurable riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. [8] For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, [9] not a result of works, so that no one may boast. [10] For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them.
Titus 3:4-7
[4] But when the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior appeared, [5] he saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit, [6] whom he poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, [7] so that being justified by his grace we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.
Romans 2:4
[4] Or do you presume on the riches of his kindness and forbearance and patience, not knowing that God’s kindness is meant to lead you to repentance?
Go and Do Likewise
Luke 6:35-36
[35] But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return, and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, for he is kind to the ungrateful and the evil. [36] Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful.
Philippians 4:14
[14] Yet it was kind of you to share my trouble.
Acts 28:1-2 - Paul on Malta
[1] After we were brought safely through, we then learned that the island was called Malta. [2] The native people showed us unusual kindness, for they kindled a fire and welcomed us all, because it had begun to rain and was cold.
We Become More Like Jesus
Galatians 5:22-23
[22] But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, [23] gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law.
1 Corinthians 13:4-7
[4] Love is patient and kind; love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant [5] or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; [6] it does not rejoice at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth. [7] Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.
2 Timothy 2:24-25
[24] And the Lord’s servant must not be quarrelsome but kind to everyone, able to teach, patiently enduring evil, [25] correcting his opponents with gentleness. God may perhaps grant them repentance leading to a knowledge of the truth,
Episode 174 - The Honor Games
Episode Video
Show Notes
Works Referenced
CS Lewis, The Weight of Glory - https://www.amazon.com/Weight-Glory-C-S-Lewis/dp/0060653205
George Washington, The Rules of Civility - https://www.amazon.com/George-Washingtons-Civility-Decent-Behavior/dp/1402210841
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Life Together - https://www.amazon.com/Life-Together-Exploration-Christian-Community/dp/0060608528
Scripture Referenced
Matthew 7:12
Romans 12:9-13
Romans 27:2
